金融创新:国有商业银行改革与发展的现实选择

国有商业银行的改革与发展离不开金融创新 ,当前 ,国有商业银行可在制度创新、业务创新与管理创新上有所作为     

The Siting of Hazardous Waste Facilities in Federal Systems: The Political Economy of NIMBY

This paper offers a new political economy explanation for thepervasive problem of siting hazardous waste treatment facilitiesin federal system. We first show that a decentralized systemyields the first-best waste treatment capacity level and that acentralized structure gives rise to free-riding behavior amonglocal jurisdictions. In our model, each community seeks toinfluence the central government through political contributions.This leads to suboptimal levels of treatment capacity. Thecapacity is increasing in the compensation level if the marginalbenefit of treatment capacity is sufficiently large, and in thegovernment's weight on aggregate social welfare relative tolobbying activities. The centralized system can replicate thedecentralized system with a sufficiently high compensation level.Since compensation has proved difficult, a centralized systemfaces greater obstacles than a decentralized system.     

Capitalism and democracy in the 21st century: a Kaleckian interpretation of a Schumpeterian problem

The paper reinterprets Schumpeter's views on the dynamic effects of taxation, as originally expressed in Crisis of the Tax State, from a Kaleckian perspective. In light of Schumpeter's rejection of Keynesian and Marshallian approaches to taxation, the paper argues that a recently developed Kaleckian approach provides an appropriate basis from which to analyse the effects on the business cycle of balanced changes in the structure of taxation. It is shown that, under certain shifting assumptions, increases in the taxation of wages or profits will stimulate investment and attenuate the amplitude of the business cycle. Ultimately, the shifting of taxes reduces to a conflict over income shares. The changing distribution of income in the United Kingdom in recent years suggests that investment is likely to remain sluggish unless there is a significant reversal of income shares. This may give rise to increasing economic and political tensions into the 21st century.     

Political economy of eastern enlargement of the European Union: Budgetary costs and reforms in voting rules

Eastern European countries are likely to be major recipients of European Union (EU) funds after membership, which has created serious concern among incumbent members. The EU has devised reforms of budgetary rules to limit the funds that will flow to the East. Using a political economy model and drawing on the experience of previous enlargements, this paper argues that such pre-accession reforms will be ineffective because they can be reversed by a coalition of Eastern European countries after membership. The paper then estimates budgetary costs of eastern enlargement. A better way to resolve budgetary concerns is to reform voting rules rather than budgetary rules, before eastern enlargement.     

Foreign enclaves and economic development: A theoretical analysis

We consider an urban foreign enclave with sector-specific foreign capital in an otherwise mobile-capital Harris-Todaro model. We consider the taxation of foreign capital. A dynamic version of this model is considered. The long-run equilibrium and the comparative steady-state effects are analyzed. We get some interesting effects of reduction in tax rate on foreign capital on the short-run and the long-run equilibrium levels of domestic factor income and national income under some meaningful conditions.     

《物权法》对林业的影响初探

《物权法》的颁布实施对我国林业改革与发展将产生重大影响。分析了《物权法》对林业改革提供的法律保障、对林业发展提供的新的空间,并对《物权法》实施后林业部门应着重考虑的问题进行了初步探讨。指出特殊林木的范围及延长期限有待明确,森林、林木和林地统一登记后林权证的法律地位,由谁代表国家履行国有林业企业出资人职责,享有出资人权益需进一步明确;尽快研究征占用集体林地的林地补偿费标准。     

我国中小企业开展融资租赁的现状及对策

中小企业在发展过程中主要障碍之一就是融资难,如何解决中小企业的融资问题也就成为社会各界研究的焦点,尽管提出各种各样的措施来解决,但收效甚微,基本上是“治标不治本”,本文以福建省(泉州)中小企业的发展现状为例,从国际租赁的角度探讨解决困扰中小企业融资问题的途径。     

市场经济下税制改革的理论基础:税收相对中性论

社会主义市场经济体制的核心内容在于发挥市场在资源配置中的基础性作用。税制改革作为社会主义市场经济体制改革的一个重要组成部分:一方面,发挥市场配置资源的基础性作用,以减少政府因课税对经济的低效干预;另一方面,政府也应发挥税制在国家宏观经济调控中的作用,以保证国家各项经济政策的贯彻执行。这要求我们在进行市场经济税制改革时,应兼顾税收中性与税收调控,以税收相对中性论为理论基础,进一步深化我国税制改革。     

湖南、湖北两省乡镇综合配套改革差异比较分析

为适应社会主义市场经济体制的发展需要,以改革促发展,解决制约农村发展带长期性、基础性、根本性的体制和机制性问题,切实提高对“三农“的服务水平,湖南、湖北两省进行了乡镇合并、乡镇行政机关改革、乡镇事业单位改革、县乡财政体制改革、乡镇教育体制改革等乡镇综合配套改革.本文通过分析认为,湖南、湖北两省乡镇综合配套改革存在着许多共同之处,但在乡镇事业单位改革和县乡财政体制改革方面却存在着十分明显的差异;并从与改革目标的接近程度、改革的彻底性和理想性、改革成本和改革成效等方面对湖南、湖北两省乡镇综合配套改革做了评价.     

Why Sweden's pension reform was able to be successfully implemented

Governments that do not reform pay-as-you-go (PAYG) pension systems will eventually face a pension crisis. In a democracy, reforms require majority support. The problem is that pension reform requires today's generation to bear the burden to avoid burdening tomorrow's generation. Sweden recently passed pension legislation that specifies a gradual transition from a public defined-benefit plan to a defined contribution plan. Why was Sweden successful in reforming its pension system? We find that a political economy perspective helps to answer this question: there are more winners who would vote in favour of the reform than non-winners who would vote against it. When comparing the net effect (present value of expected benefits minus present value of remaining contributions) of the new and old systems, contributions of the working generation (age < 53) are reduced by more than their expected benefits.